{
  "meta": {
    "name": "星野天体数据库",
    "version": "1.0.0",
    "updated": "2026-10-18",
    "object_count": 32,
    "license_note": "数值数据整理自 NASA 公开资料（公共领域）；一句话简介为本站原创撰写。",
    "primary_sources": [
      "NASA NSSDC Planetary Fact Sheet（八大行星+冥王星，2025-03-18 更新）https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/",
      "NASA NSSDC Sun Fact Sheet（2024-05-09 更新）https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html",
      "NASA NSSDC Moon Fact Sheet https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/moonfact.html",
      "NASA NSSDC Mars Fact Sheet（2025-05-19 更新，含火卫一/二参数）https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/marsfact.html",
      "NASA NSSDC Jovian/Saturnian/Neptunian/Uranian Satellite Fact Sheets https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/joviansatfact.html",
      "NASA/JPL Small-Body Database API（谷神星）https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.api"
    ],
    "pending": "鸟神星、妊神星、阋神星（权威源暂无完整实测值，待文献核验后补充）；恒星与系外行星为下一批扩展方向"
  },
  "objects": [
    {
      "id": "sun",
      "name": "太阳",
      "name_en": "Sun",
      "category": "star",
      "parent": null,
      "tagline": "太阳系的中心恒星，独占太阳系总质量的 99.86%",
      "physical": {
        "mass_kg": 1.9884e+30,
        "radius_km": 695700,
        "density_g_cm3": 1.408,
        "gravity_m_s2": 274.0,
        "escape_velocity_km_s": 617.6,
        "mean_temp_c": 5499,
        "surface_pressure_bar": 0.000868,
        "albedo": null
      },
      "orbit": {
        "semimajor_axis_km": null,
        "orbital_period_days": null,
        "orbital_velocity_km_s": null,
        "inclination_deg": null,
        "eccentricity": null,
        "obliquity_deg": 7.25,
        "rotation_period_hours": 609.12
      },
      "moons": {
        "count": null,
        "notable": []
      },
      "rings": null,
      "magnetic_field": true,
      "atmosphere": "光球层：氢 90.97%、氦 8.89%（其余为氧、碳、氖等微量）",
      "spectral_type": "G2V",
      "luminosity_w": 3.828e+26,
      "discovery": {
        "known_since": "史前",
        "discoverer": null,
        "year": null
      },
      "sources": [
        "nssdc_sunfact"
      ],
      "verified": "2026-10-18",
      "article": null,
      "image": "assets/planets/sun.webp"
    },
    {
      "id": "mercury",
      "name": "水星",
      "name_en": "Mercury",
      "category": "planet",
      "parent": "sun",
      "tagline": "离太阳最近的行星，一个太阳日比一个水星年还长",
      "physical": {
        "mass_kg": 3.301e+23,
        "radius_km": 2439.7,
        "density_g_cm3": 5.429,
        "gravity_m_s2": 3.7,
        "escape_velocity_km_s": 4.3,
        "mean_temp_c": 167,
        "surface_pressure_bar": null,
        "albedo": null
      },
      "orbit": {
        "semimajor_axis_km": 57910000,
        "orbital_period_days": 87.97,
        "orbital_velocity_km_s": 47.4,
        "inclination_deg": 7.0,
        "eccentricity": 0.206,
        "obliquity_deg": 0.034,
        "rotation_period_hours": 1407.6
      },
      "moons": {
        "count": 0,
        "notable": []
      },
      "rings": false,
      "magnetic_field": true,
      "atmosphere": null,
      "discovery": {
        "known_since": "史前",
        "discoverer": null,
        "year": null
      },
      "sources": [
        "nssdc_planetary_factsheet"
      ],
      "verified": "2026-10-18",
      "article": "mercury",
      "image": "assets/planets/mercury.webp"
    },
    {
      "id": "venus",
      "name": "金星",
      "name_en": "Venus",
      "category": "planet",
      "parent": "sun",
      "tagline": "被浓厚二氧化碳大气包裹的炽热世界，太阳系表面最热的行星",
      "physical": {
        "mass_kg": 4.8685e+24,
        "radius_km": 6051.8,
        "density_g_cm3": 5.243,
        "gravity_m_s2": 8.87,
        "escape_velocity_km_s": 10.36,
        "mean_temp_c": 464,
        "surface_pressure_bar": 92,
        "albedo": null
      },
      "orbit": {
        "semimajor_axis_km": 108210000,
        "orbital_period_days": 224.7,
        "orbital_velocity_km_s": 35.02,
        "inclination_deg": 3.39,
        "eccentricity": 0.007,
        "obliquity_deg": 177.36,
        "rotation_period_hours": -5832.5
      },
      "moons": {
        "count": 0,
        "notable": []
      },
      "rings": false,
      "magnetic_field": false,
      "atmosphere": null,
      "discovery": {
        "known_since": "史前",
        "discoverer": null,
        "year": null
      },
      "sources": [
        "nssdc_planetary_factsheet"
      ],
      "verified": "2026-10-18",
      "article": "venus",
      "image": "assets/planets/venus.webp"
    },
    {
      "id": "earth",
      "name": "地球",
      "name_en": "Earth",
      "category": "planet",
      "parent": "sun",
      "tagline": "目前已知唯一存在生命的行星，约 71% 表面被液态水覆盖",
      "physical": {
        "mass_kg": 5.9724e+24,
        "radius_km": 6371.0,
        "density_g_cm3": 5.514,
        "gravity_m_s2": 9.82,
        "escape_velocity_km_s": 11.19,
        "mean_temp_c": 15,
        "surface_pressure_bar": 1,
        "albedo": 0.294
      },
      "orbit": {
        "semimajor_axis_km": 149600000,
        "orbital_period_days": 365.26,
        "orbital_velocity_km_s": 29.78,
        "inclination_deg": 0,
        "eccentricity": 0.0167,
        "obliquity_deg": 23.44,
        "rotation_period_hours": 23.9345
      },
      "moons": {
        "count": 1,
        "notable": [
          "月球"
        ]
      },
      "rings": false,
      "magnetic_field": true,
      "atmosphere": "氮约 78%、氧约 21%（其余为氩、二氧化碳等微量）",
      "discovery": {
        "known_since": "史前",
        "discoverer": null,
        "year": null
      },
      "sources": [
        "nssdc_planetary_factsheet",
        "nssdc_moonfact"
      ],
      "verified": "2026-10-18",
      "article": null,
      "image": "assets/planets/earth.webp"
    },
    {
      "id": "mars",
      "name": "火星",
      "name_en": "Mars",
      "category": "planet",
      "parent": "sun",
      "tagline": "红色的沙漠行星，拥有太阳系最高的火山与最深的峡谷",
      "physical": {
        "mass_kg": 6.4169e+23,
        "radius_km": 3389.5,
        "density_g_cm3": 3.934,
        "gravity_m_s2": 3.73,
        "escape_velocity_km_s": 5.03,
        "mean_temp_c": -65,
        "surface_pressure_bar": 0.00636,
        "albedo": 0.25
      },
      "orbit": {
        "semimajor_axis_km": 227956000,
        "orbital_period_days": 686.98,
        "orbital_velocity_km_s": 24.08,
        "inclination_deg": 1.848,
        "eccentricity": 0.0935,
        "obliquity_deg": 25.19,
        "rotation_period_hours": 24.6229
      },
      "moons": {
        "count": 2,
        "notable": [
          "火卫一",
          "火卫二"
        ]
      },
      "rings": false,
      "magnetic_field": false,
      "atmosphere": "二氧化碳 95.1%、氮 2.6%、氩 1.9%（其余为氧、一氧化碳等微量）",
      "discovery": {
        "known_since": "史前",
        "discoverer": null,
        "year": null
      },
      "sources": [
        "nssdc_marsfact"
      ],
      "verified": "2026-10-18",
      "article": "mars",
      "image": "assets/planets/mars.webp"
    },
    {
      "id": "jupiter",
      "name": "木星",
      "name_en": "Jupiter",
      "category": "planet",
      "parent": "sun",
      "tagline": "太阳系最大的行星，质量超过其余七颗行星的总和",
      "physical": {
        "mass_kg": 1.89813e+27,
        "radius_km": 69911,
        "density_g_cm3": 1.326,
        "gravity_m_s2": 25.92,
        "escape_velocity_km_s": 59.5,
        "mean_temp_c": -110,
        "surface_pressure_bar": null,
        "albedo": 0.343
      },
      "orbit": {
        "semimajor_axis_km": 778479000,
        "orbital_period_days": 4332.59,
        "orbital_velocity_km_s": 13.06,
        "inclination_deg": 1.304,
        "eccentricity": 0.0487,
        "obliquity_deg": 3.13,
        "rotation_period_hours": 9.925
      },
      "moons": {
        "count": 95,
        "notable": [
          "木卫一",
          "木卫二",
          "木卫三",
          "木卫四"
        ]
      },
      "rings": true,
      "magnetic_field": true,
      "atmosphere": "氢 89.8%、氦 10.2%（其余为甲烷、氨等微量）",
      "discovery": {
        "known_since": "史前",
        "discoverer": null,
        "year": null
      },
      "sources": [
        "nssdc_jupiterfact"
      ],
      "verified": "2026-10-18",
      "article": "jupiter",
      "image": "assets/planets/jupiter.webp"
    },
    {
      "id": "saturn",
      "name": "土星",
      "name_en": "Saturn",
      "category": "planet",
      "parent": "sun",
      "tagline": "以壮观环系闻名的气态巨行星，平均密度比水还小",
      "physical": {
        "mass_kg": 5.6832e+26,
        "radius_km": 58232,
        "density_g_cm3": 0.687,
        "gravity_m_s2": 11.19,
        "escape_velocity_km_s": 35.5,
        "mean_temp_c": -140,
        "surface_pressure_bar": null,
        "albedo": 0.342
      },
      "orbit": {
        "semimajor_axis_km": 1432041000,
        "orbital_period_days": 10755.7,
        "orbital_velocity_km_s": 9.67,
        "inclination_deg": 2.486,
        "eccentricity": 0.052,
        "obliquity_deg": 26.73,
        "rotation_period_hours": 10.656
      },
      "moons": {
        "count": 274,
        "notable": [
          "土卫六",
          "土卫五",
          "土卫八"
        ]
      },
      "rings": true,
      "magnetic_field": true,
      "atmosphere": "氢 96.3%、氦 3.25%（其余为甲烷、氨等微量）",
      "discovery": {
        "known_since": "史前",
        "discoverer": null,
        "year": null
      },
      "sources": [
        "nssdc_saturnfact"
      ],
      "verified": "2026-10-18",
      "article": "saturn",
      "image": "assets/planets/saturn.webp"
    },
    {
      "id": "uranus",
      "name": "天王星",
      "name_en": "Uranus",
      "category": "planet",
      "parent": "sun",
      "tagline": "躺着自转的冰巨星，自转轴倾角约 98 度",
      "physical": {
        "mass_kg": 8.6813e+25,
        "radius_km": 25559,
        "density_g_cm3": 1.27,
        "gravity_m_s2": 8.87,
        "escape_velocity_km_s": 21.3,
        "mean_temp_c": -195,
        "surface_pressure_bar": null,
        "albedo": 0.3
      },
      "orbit": {
        "semimajor_axis_km": 2867000000,
        "orbital_period_days": 30589,
        "orbital_velocity_km_s": 6.8,
        "inclination_deg": 0.77,
        "eccentricity": 0.047,
        "obliquity_deg": 97.77,
        "rotation_period_hours": -17.24
      },
      "moons": {
        "count": 28,
        "notable": [
          "天卫三",
          "天卫四",
          "天卫一"
        ]
      },
      "rings": true,
      "magnetic_field": true,
      "atmosphere": null,
      "discovery": {
        "known_since": null,
        "discoverer": "威廉·赫歇尔",
        "year": 1781
      },
      "sources": [
        "nssdc_planetary_factsheet"
      ],
      "verified": "2026-10-18",
      "article": null,
      "image": "assets/planets/uranus.webp"
    },
    {
      "id": "neptune",
      "name": "海王星",
      "name_en": "Neptune",
      "category": "planet",
      "parent": "sun",
      "tagline": "太阳系最外侧的行星，风速可达每小时 2100 公里",
      "physical": {
        "mass_kg": 1.0241e+26,
        "radius_km": 24764,
        "density_g_cm3": 1.638,
        "gravity_m_s2": 11.15,
        "escape_velocity_km_s": 23.5,
        "mean_temp_c": -200,
        "surface_pressure_bar": null,
        "albedo": 0.29
      },
      "orbit": {
        "semimajor_axis_km": 4515000000,
        "orbital_period_days": 59800,
        "orbital_velocity_km_s": 5.43,
        "inclination_deg": 1.77,
        "eccentricity": 0.011,
        "obliquity_deg": 28.32,
        "rotation_period_hours": 16.11
      },
      "moons": {
        "count": 16,
        "notable": [
          "海卫一"
        ]
      },
      "rings": true,
      "magnetic_field": true,
      "atmosphere": null,
      "discovery": {
        "known_since": null,
        "discoverer": "勒维耶/伽勒",
        "year": 1846
      },
      "sources": [
        "nssdc_planetary_factsheet"
      ],
      "verified": "2026-10-18",
      "article": null,
      "image": "assets/planets/neptune.webp"
    },
    {
      "id": "pluto",
      "name": "冥王星",
      "name_en": "Pluto",
      "category": "dwarf_planet",
      "parent": "sun",
      "tagline": "曾被列为第九大行星，与卫星卡戎构成双天体系统",
      "physical": {
        "mass_kg": 1.303e+22,
        "radius_km": 1188.3,
        "density_g_cm3": 1.85,
        "gravity_m_s2": 0.62,
        "escape_velocity_km_s": 1.21,
        "mean_temp_c": -225,
        "surface_pressure_bar": 1e-05,
        "albedo": null
      },
      "orbit": {
        "semimajor_axis_km": 5906376272,
        "orbital_period_days": 90560,
        "orbital_velocity_km_s": 4.67,
        "inclination_deg": 17.16,
        "eccentricity": 0.244,
        "obliquity_deg": 119.51,
        "rotation_period_hours": -153.29
      },
      "moons": {
        "count": 5,
        "notable": [
          "卡戎"
        ]
      },
      "rings": false,
      "magnetic_field": null,
      "atmosphere": null,
      "discovery": {
        "known_since": null,
        "discoverer": "克莱德·汤博",
        "year": 1930
      },
      "sources": [
        "nssdc_planetary_factsheet"
      ],
      "verified": "2026-10-18",
      "article": "pluto",
      "image": "assets/planets/pluto.webp"
    },
    {
      "id": "ceres",
      "name": "谷神星",
      "name_en": "Ceres",
      "category": "dwarf_planet",
      "parent": "sun",
      "tagline": "小行星带中最大的天体，唯一位于内太阳系的矮行星",
      "physical": {
        "mass_kg": 9.3846e+20,
        "radius_km": 469.7,
        "density_g_cm3": 2.162,
        "gravity_m_s2": 0.28,
        "escape_velocity_km_s": 0.51,
        "mean_temp_c": null,
        "surface_pressure_bar": null,
        "albedo": 0.09
      },
      "orbit": {
        "semimajor_axis_km": 413700000,
        "orbital_period_days": 1682.0,
        "orbital_velocity_km_s": 17.9,
        "inclination_deg": 10.59,
        "eccentricity": 0.0758,
        "obliquity_deg": 4,
        "rotation_period_hours": 9.074
      },
      "moons": {
        "count": 0,
        "notable": []
      },
      "rings": false,
      "magnetic_field": null,
      "atmosphere": null,
      "discovery": {
        "known_since": null,
        "discoverer": "朱塞佩·皮亚齐",
        "year": 1801
      },
      "sources": [
        "jpl_sbdb"
      ],
      "verified": "2026-10-18",
      "article": null,
      "image": "assets/planets/ceres.webp"
    },
    {
      "id": "moon",
      "name": "月球",
      "name_en": "Moon",
      "category": "moon",
      "parent": "earth",
      "tagline": "地球唯一的天然卫星，潮汐锁定使它永远以同一面朝向地球",
      "physical": {
        "mass_kg": 7.346e+22,
        "radius_km": 1737.4,
        "density_g_cm3": 3.344,
        "gravity_m_s2": 1.62,
        "escape_velocity_km_s": 2.38,
        "mean_temp_c": -20,
        "surface_pressure_bar": null,
        "albedo": 0.12
      },
      "orbit": {
        "semimajor_axis_km": 384400,
        "orbital_period_days": 27.3217,
        "orbital_velocity_km_s": 1.022,
        "inclination_deg": 5.145,
        "eccentricity": 0.0549,
        "obliquity_deg": 6.68,
        "rotation_period_hours": 655.72
      },
      "moons": {
        "count": 0,
        "notable": []
      },
      "rings": false,
      "magnetic_field": false,
      "atmosphere": null,
      "discovery": {
        "known_since": "史前",
        "discoverer": null,
        "year": null
      },
      "sources": [
        "nssdc_moonfact"
      ],
      "verified": "2026-10-18",
      "article": null,
      "image": "assets/planets/moon.webp"
    },
    {
      "id": "phobos",
      "name": "火卫一",
      "name_en": "Phobos",
      "category": "moon",
      "parent": "mars",
      "tagline": "火星较大的卫星，正以每百年约 1.8 米的速度靠近火星",
      "physical": {
        "mass_kg": 1.06e+16,
        "radius_km": 11.27,
        "density_g_cm3": 1.9,
        "gravity_m_s2": null,
        "escape_velocity_km_s": 0.0114,
        "mean_temp_c": null,
        "surface_pressure_bar": null,
        "albedo": 0.07
      },
      "orbit": {
        "semimajor_axis_km": 9378,
        "orbital_period_days": 0.31891,
        "orbital_velocity_km_s": 2.14,
        "inclination_deg": 1.08,
        "eccentricity": 0.0151,
        "obliquity_deg": null,
        "rotation_period_hours": 7.654
      },
      "moons": {
        "count": 0,
        "notable": []
      },
      "rings": false,
      "magnetic_field": null,
      "atmosphere": null,
      "discovery": {
        "known_since": null,
        "discoverer": "阿萨夫·霍尔",
        "year": 1877
      },
      "sources": [
        "nssdc_marsfact"
      ],
      "verified": "2026-10-18",
      "article": null,
      "image": "assets/planets/phobos.webp"
    },
    {
      "id": "deimos",
      "name": "火卫二",
      "name_en": "Deimos",
      "category": "moon",
      "parent": "mars",
      "tagline": "火星较小的卫星，形状极不规则，表面覆盖细腻的风化层",
      "physical": {
        "mass_kg": 2400000000000000.0,
        "radius_km": 6.3,
        "density_g_cm3": 1.75,
        "gravity_m_s2": null,
        "escape_velocity_km_s": null,
        "mean_temp_c": null,
        "surface_pressure_bar": null,
        "albedo": 0.08
      },
      "orbit": {
        "semimajor_axis_km": 23459,
        "orbital_period_days": 1.26244,
        "orbital_velocity_km_s": 1.35,
        "inclination_deg": 1.79,
        "eccentricity": 0.0005,
        "obliquity_deg": null,
        "rotation_period_hours": 30.299
      },
      "moons": {
        "count": 0,
        "notable": []
      },
      "rings": false,
      "magnetic_field": null,
      "atmosphere": null,
      "discovery": {
        "known_since": null,
        "discoverer": "阿萨夫·霍尔",
        "year": 1877
      },
      "sources": [
        "nssdc_marsfact"
      ],
      "verified": "2026-10-18",
      "article": null,
      "image": "assets/planets/deimos.webp"
    },
    {
      "id": "io",
      "name": "木卫一",
      "name_en": "Io",
      "category": "moon",
      "parent": "jupiter",
      "tagline": "太阳系火山活动最剧烈的天体，表面遍布硫磺沉积物",
      "physical": {
        "mass_kg": 8.932e+22,
        "radius_km": 1821.5,
        "density_g_cm3": 3.53,
        "gravity_m_s2": 1.796,
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      "tagline": "形状极不规则的卫星，混沌自转使它的朝向无法预测",
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      "tagline": "沿逆行轨道运行的卫星，或为被俘获的柯伊伯带天体",
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      "name": "天卫五",
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      "tagline": "天王星系统中地质最奇特的卫星，断崖与沟槽密布",
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        "discoverer": "杰拉德·柯伊伯",
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      "tagline": "天王星系统中最明亮的卫星，表面峡谷纵横",
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    {
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      "name": "天卫二",
      "name_en": "Umbriel",
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      "tagline": "天王星系统中最暗的卫星，表面古老撞击坑密布",
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    {
      "id": "titania",
      "name": "天卫三",
      "name_en": "Titania",
      "category": "moon",
      "parent": "uranus",
      "tagline": "天王星最大的卫星，表面有巨大的地堑系统",
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        "albedo": 0.27
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      "orbit": {
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        "inclination_deg": 0.08,
        "eccentricity": 0.0011,
        "obliquity_deg": null,
        "rotation_period_hours": 208.94
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      "moons": {
        "count": 0,
        "notable": []
      },
      "rings": false,
      "magnetic_field": null,
      "atmosphere": null,
      "discovery": {
        "known_since": null,
        "discoverer": "威廉·赫歇尔",
        "year": 1787
      },
      "sources": [
        "nssdc_uraniansatfact"
      ],
      "verified": "2026-10-18",
      "article": null,
      "image": "assets/planets/titania.webp"
    },
    {
      "id": "oberon",
      "name": "天卫四",
      "name_en": "Oberon",
      "category": "moon",
      "parent": "uranus",
      "tagline": "天王星最外侧的大卫星，表面遍布撞击坑与深色物质",
      "physical": {
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        "albedo": 0.23
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      "orbit": {
        "semimajor_axis_km": 583500,
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        "rotation_period_hours": 323.12
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      "moons": {
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      "rings": false,
      "magnetic_field": null,
      "atmosphere": null,
      "discovery": {
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        "discoverer": "威廉·赫歇尔",
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      },
      "sources": [
        "nssdc_uraniansatfact"
      ],
      "verified": "2026-10-18",
      "article": null,
      "image": "assets/planets/oberon.webp"
    }
  ]
}